Gingival response in orthodontic patients: comparative study between self-ligating and conventional brackets

Orthodontic brackets contribute to the accumulation of bacterialplaque on tooth surfaces because they hinder oral hygiene.In contrast to conventional brackets, self-ligating brackets donot require additional parts to support the arches, thus improvingdental hygiene. The aim of this study was to compare thegingival response in orthodontic patients wearing self-ligatingor conventional brackets. A sample of 22 patients aged 16 to 30years was divided into two groups: Group A, treated with selfligatingbrackets (Damon system) and Group B, treated withconventional brackets (Roth technique). The following wereassessed during the treatment: Plaque Index (PI), GingivalIndex (GI) and Probing Depth (PD), and sub-gingival sampleswere taken from teeth 14/24 for microbiological observation.No statistically significant difference was found between GroupsA and B; p>0.05 (sign-ranked) or between PI, GI and PD at thedifferent times (Friedman’s Analysis of Variance), even thoughthe indices were found to increase at 14 days, particularly forself-ligating brackets. The quantity and quality of microorganismspresent were compatible with health on days 0, 28 and 56.As from day 14 there is a predominance of microbiota compatiblewith gingivitis in both groups. In the samples studied,orthodontic treatment increases bacterial plaque and inflammatorygingival response, but gingival-periodontal health canbe maintained with adequate basic therapy...

bacteriana en las superficies dentarias, debido a que dificultanla higiene oral. A diferencia de los brackets convencionales, losbrackets autoligables no requieren elementos adicionales parasujetar los arcos, lo cual favorecería la higiene dentaria. Elobjetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar la respuesta gingivalen pacientes ortodóncicos, utilizando brackets autoligablesy brackets convencionales. Se estudiaron 22 pacientes, entre 16y 30 años, divididos en dos grupos: A, tratado con bracketsautoligables, Sistema Damon) y B, tratado con brackets convencionales,Técnica de Roth. Durante el tratamiento, seevaluaron los Índices de Placa (IP), Índice Gingival (IG) y Profundidadde Sondaje (PS) y se tomaron muestras subgingivalesde las piezas 14/24 para su observación microbiológica. En laevaluación estadística no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamentesignificativa entre los grupos A y B; p>0.05 (de losrangos con signo) y ni en los IP, IG y PS en los diferentes tiemposevaluados (Análisis de varianza de Friedman), sin embargose observa un aumento en los índices a los 14 días, sobre todoen autoligables. Los microorganismos se presentaron en cantidady calidad compatible con salud el día 0, 28 y 56; a partirdel día 14 predomina microbiota compatible con gingivitis paraambos grupos. En las muestras estudiadas el tratamientoortodóncicos produce incremento de placa bacteriana yrespuesta gingival inflamatoria, pero con terapia básica adecuadapuede mantenerse la salud gingivo-lperiodontal. Losbrackets autoligables y los o convencionales, produjeronrespuesta gingival simila...

A retrospective study of oral manifestations in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis

South American blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis (Pb mycosis) or Lutz disease is an endemically fungal infection in Latin America. It is caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and may cause oral mucosal lesions. The incidence of Pb mycosis oral lesions was evaluated in patients assisted at a Brazilian Dental School's Specialized Oral Diagnosis Service with special focus on the different clinical forms of these lesions, its location, patients' occupation, deleterious habits, and diagnosis methodology. Students' and professionals' initial diagnoses were compared with the definitive diagnosis. Lesions were detected 31 cases (18 patients). The results show that 88.8% of the patients were male with a mean age of 50 years and 39% work(ed) with activities related to agriculture. As much as 88.9% were smokers and 72.2% were alcohol users. Exfoliative cytology was performed in 66.6% of the patients. Oral mucosa (30%), gingiva (16.6%) and lips 16.6% were the most common sites of Pb mycosis oral lesions. Comparing the initial with the definitive diagnosis made by the professionals their accuracy was 33% (6 out of 18 patients). Students' diagnosis was more accurate demonstrating 72.5% of initial correct diagnosis (13 out of 18). Statistical analysis by ANOVA (α=0.05, SPSS WIN) demonstrated a significant difference between the diagnosis of Pb mycosis made by students and professionals when considering initial diagnosis and final diagnosis (after histopathological analysis) (p=0.25). Incisional biopsy and exfoliate cytology are efficient for an early diagnosis of this disease in mouth. Students' training in diagnosis of oral pathologies to recognize lesions is urgent to improve public health.

A blastomicose sul americana, paracoccidiodomicose (Pb micose) ou doença de Lutz é uma infecção fúngica endêmica na América Latina. É causada pelo fungo dimórfico Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis, e pode causar lesões na mucosa oral. Nós avaliamos a incidência de lesões orais de Pb micose nos pacientes atendidos em um Centro Especializado em Diagnóstico Oral com foco principal nas diferentes formas clinicas das lesões, suas localidades, ocupação dos pacientes, hábitos deletérios e diagnóstico e metodologia, e foram detectados 31 casos (18 pacientes). Os resultados mostraram que 88,8% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino com idade média de 50 anos de idade, e 39% trabalham, ou trabalhavam, com atividades relacionadas à agricultura. Observou-se que 88,9% eram fumantes e 72,2% ingeriam álcool. Citologia esfoliativa foi feita em 66,6%. Mucosa jugal foi acometida em 30%, gengiva, e lábios 16% (cada um) foram os locais mais comuns de lesões orais da Pb micose. Comparando o diagnóstico inicial com o definitivo feito pelos profissionais, a acurácia foi de 33%; o diagnóstico dos estudantes foi mais preciso demonstrando 72,5% do diagnóstico inicial correto com diferença estatística significante (p=0,25) através do teste ANOVA do SPSS WIN com nível de significância de 5%. Biópsia incisonal e citologia esfoliativa são eficientes para um diagnóstico precoce desta doença na boca; o treinamento dos estudantes em diagnóstico para reconhecer as patologias orais é urgente para melhorar a saúde pública.

Primary oral tuberculosis: report of two cases.

Oral lesions of tuberculosis though uncommon, are seen in both the primary and secondary stages of the disease. In secondary tuberculosis, the oral manifestations may be accompanied by lesions in the lungs, lymph nodes, or in any other part of the body and can be detected by a systemic examination. Primary oral tuberculosis may present as a diagnostic challenge for the clinician. Here we report two patients with primary tuberculosis in the oral cavity who presented to the dental department, were diagnosed and referred for medical management.

Manifestaciones clínicas y hallazgos microbiológicos en enfermedades gingivoperiodontales / The gingivo-periodontal disease: clinical manifestations and microbiological finding

El término enfermedades gingivoperiodontales alude a procesos patológicos que alteran las estructuras del periodoncio, donde el factor etiológico esencial es la biopelícula de placa dental. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue poner a punto técnicas que permitan recolectar, transportar y procesar muestras a fin de determinar cambios paranormales en la microbiología periodontal a la vez que compararlos con los datos clínicos. Se estudiaron 10 pacientes, en los cuales se llevó a cabo una historia clínica, se confeccionó un odontograma, se realizó un estudio completo de su cavidad oral y la toma de muestra subgingival. Este trabajo ha permitido poner a punto las técnicas para toma, remisión y procesamiento de muestras para el estudio microbiológico de las enfermedades gingivoperiodontales, a la vez que posibilitó observar la diversidad microbiana en diferentes situaciones clínicas

Microbiología de la enfermedad periodontal / Microbiology of periodontal disease

Las periodontitis son un grupo de patologías que afectan a un alto porcentaje de la población adulta chilena. Esta enfermedad la constituyen distintas entidades clínicas que afectan a los tejidos de soporte de los dientes, esto es, al periodonto de protección (encía) y al periodonto de inserción (hueso alveolar), ocasionando la pérdida de las piezas dentarias. Las patologías señaladas son causadas por la interacción de algunos microorganismos y la respuesta inmune del huésped. Actualmente se describen más de 500 especies como habitantes del área subgingival o el saco periodontal, haciendo de la microbiología periodontal, una de las más complejas áreas de estudio de toda la microbiología clínica. Estudios recientes han clarificado la etiología microbiana de la enfermedad periodontal y la importancia de identificar a personas en riesgo de desarrollarla, mejorando de este modo el diagnóstico y posterior tratamiento.